10.15 Tǀngxùn gǀngjù Communication tools

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1 10.15 Tǀngxùn gǀngjù Communication tools Èrshí nián yӿqián, Zhǀngguó rén yào gàosu qưnqi huòzhč péngyou yí jiàn shìqing, tɨmen jiu kčyӿ dӽ diànhuà, yč kčyӿ xičxìn. SuƯrán xìn bӿjiào màn, kčshì hčn duǀ jiɨtíng méiyԁu diànhuà, jì xìn yč bӿjiào piányi, suԁyӿ píngcháng dàjiɨ chàbuduǀ dǀu xičxìn, bù dӽ diànhuà. Xiànzài qíngxing wánquán bù yíyàng le. Zài chéngshì hčn duǀ jiɨtíng dǀu yԁu diànhuà le. Jiùshi zài nóngcǌn, yč yԁu bù shӽo rén yԁu diànhuà le. KČshì xiànzài zuì liúxíng de shi shԁujư. ShԁujƯ yӿqián yԁu yìdiӽnr bù fɨngbiàn, hčn dà, diànhuàfèi yč hčn guì. èiyàng dàdà de shԁujư yč yԁu rén jiào dàgɲdà. Wèishénme jiào dàgɲdà ne? DàgƝdà nèi ge shuǀfӽ bčnlái shi XiƗnggӽng rén yòng de. DàgƝ yԁu liӽng ge yìsi. Yí ge shi zuì dà de gɲge. Lìngwài yí ge shi hɲishèhuì de tóur. Suԁyӿ dàgɲ hčn lìhai, dàgɲdà yč hčn lìhai. Fӽnzhèng, xiànzài shԁujư bú dà, hčn fɨngbiàn, kčyӿ fàng zài kԁudài lӿ huò dài zài yɨodài shàng. Zuìjìn zài Zhǀngguó chúle shԁujư yӿwài yč yԁu xiӽolíngtǀng. Xiӽolíngtǀng shi dàxiӽo de xiăo; língtǀng shi lái+de kuài de yìsi, huòzhɵ xíng de yìsi. Xiӽolíngtǀng bӿ pԃtǀng de shԁujư piányi, dànshi zhӿ néng zài yí ge dìfang yòng, zhӿ néng dӽ dào shìnèi, bù néng dă dào shìwài. Zài èrshíyư shìjì de Zhǀngguó yǂu hɵn duǀ rén yòng wăngluò le. Wӽngluò yɵ yǂu rén jiào yưntèwăng. Yǂu hɵn duǀ rén mɵitiɨn dǀu zài jiɨ lʊ huòzhɵ zài wăngbɨ 35

shàngwăng. YƟ yǂu hɵn duǀ liáotiɨnshì gɲn lùntán, dàjiɨ kɵyʊ tán guójiɨ de dàshì, yɵ kɵyʊ tán gèrén de wèntí. Yǂude wăngzhàn mɵitiɨn yǂu jʊshí wàn rén liúlăn.

2 shàngwăng. YƟ yǂu hɵn duǀ liáotiɨnshì gɲn lùntán, dàjiɨ kɵyʊ tán guójiɨ de dàshì, yɵ kɵyʊ tán gèrén de wèntí. Yǂude wăngzhàn mɵitiɨn yǂu jʊshí wàn rén liúlăn. SuƯrán zài Zhǀngguó yòng yưntèwӽng de hɵn duǀ kɵshi háishi yԁu hɵn duǀ wăngzhàn bù néng kàn. Zhǀngguó zhèngfǎ bú ràng rénmén kàn de wӽngzhàn, hčn duǀ yԁu zhèngzhì de huòzhč sèqíng de nèiróng. Jiùshi MIT de wӽngzhàn yԁushíhou cóng Zhǀngguó yɵ liánbushàng, yɵxǎ shi yưnwèi yԁu yìxiɲ Zhǀngguó zhèngfǎ bù xʊhuan de liànjiɲ. Fast transport: The Mag-lev train serving Pudong Airport, Shanghai. Zài xiànzài de Zhǀngguó, diànzӿ yóujiàn yč duǀ le. Yԁu rén kɨi wánxiào jiào diànzӿ yóujiàn yưmèi ér, xiàng YƯngwén de yíyàng. KČshì Zhǀngwén de yưmèi ér yč yԁu tɨ mèimei de yìsi. (Píngcháng yòng Hànzì xič yưmèi ér bú yòng yư èr sɨn de yư ; yòng lìngwài yí ge yư [Ͽ], shi tɨ de yìsi.) DàgƝdà, yưmèi ér, kčyӿ shuǀ zhèi xiɲ dǀngxi yԁu diӽnr xiàng qưnqi péngyou yíyàng! YČxԃ nӿmen yӿjing zhưdao yìxiɲ yԁuyìsi de Zhǀngwén wӽngzhàn le. Bù shӽo xué Zhǀngwén de xuésheng dǀu yòng <Zhongwen.com>, kčyӿ chá shɲngzì, liӽojič Hànzì de láiyuán, dú Zhǀngwén wénzhɨng, yč kčyӿ zài pưnyưn liáotiɨnshì liáotiɨn. YČ yԁu Xiè TiƗnwèi lӽoshư de wӽngyè ( yԁu hčn duǀ gɲn xué Zhǀngwén yԁuguɨn de liànjiɲ. 36

3 Zhǀngguó zuì liúxíng de wăngzhàn zhưyư shi <sina.com> (YƯngwén), huò <sina.com.cn> (Zhǀngwén). àr de xưnwén bàodào nʊmen háishi kànbudԁng, kɵshi tiɨnqì yùbào yɵxǎ néng kàndǂng yìdiănr. Shìshi kàn ba! YƯngguó de Guӽngbǀ GǀngsƯ de wӽngzhàn ( yč yԁuyòng; xưnwén bàodào kčyӿ fɨnyìchéng sìshí duǀ ge yԃyán. Kàn Zhǀngwén wӽngyè de shíhou, nӿ huì fɨxiàn suưrán nèiróng yìbɨn shi Zhǀngwén de, wӽngzhàn de míngzi yč shi Zhǀngwén de, kčshi wӽngzhӿ háishi yòng YƯngwén xič de. Jiùshi méiyou Zhǀngwén wӽngzhӿ. ӿmen zhưdao wèishénme ma? otes tǀngxùn gǀngjù qưnqi jiùshi yč.. nóngcǌn [diànhuà]fèi hɲishèhui lìngwài [yí ge] shuǀfӽ tóur head fӽnzhèng kԁudài yɨodài communication tool relatives; relations even as well village (agriculture village) [telephone] expenses; charges criminal underworld (black society) another; an additional way of speaking; cf. kànfӽ way of looking = view anyway (upside down right way up) pocket (hole-bag) belt (waist-belt) shìnèi wӽngluò shàngwӽng wӽngbɨ liáotiɨnshì VO within the city (city-within) network; the net to access the net internet café (net-bar) chatrooms (chat-day-room) lùntán forum (discuss-forum) tán V discuss; chat; talk gèrén wӽngzhàn liúlӽn V individual website (net-station) browse ràng V [here] let; make zhèngzhì politics sèqíng,sv sex; sexy (yánsè de sè, shìqing de qíng) nèiróng content (within-contain) liánbushàng liànjiɲ VV not able to access links yóujiàn mail 37

4 chá shɲngzi VO look-up vocabulary (raw-words) liӽojič V understand; comprehend; find out láiyuán origin; source; derivation; history wénzhɨng article (M piɨn) wӽngyè webpage gɲn yԁuguɨn de having to do with; having some connection with (with have-connection-de) xưnwén bàodào news report yùbào forecast guӽngbǀ V, to broadcast; a broadcast fɨxiàn V discover yìbɨn SV normal; same as Adv normally; similarly wӽngzhӿ (net-address); cf. dìzhӿ address Exercise 8. Provide a Chinese paraphrase: What you say about the situation in China is very interesting. Here in the U.S, telephone calls also used to be quite expensive especially long-distance ones (chángtú); but not anymore. I still often write letters to my relatives, but that s because they re older and they still like to read letters. Sending a letter is still pretty inexpensive - only about 40 cents within the country; a letter to China is about 80 cents airmail. But students nowadays all have computers, so we prefer to send . Often, I don t know enough characters to write what I want to say in Chinese; and in any case, I have trouble sending characters. So I write pinyin and as long as I write words, my Chinese friends seem to be able to read it. I don t write the tones (sìshɲng) either, since that takes too long and what s more, it makes it too messy to read. Almost all my friends have cellphones; with the new ones, you can surf the web, take photos or listen to music. They re kind of expensive, but we can t live without them. My cellphone bill is more than my food bill sometimes! Waiting and rushing a) The words dčng dčngdeng ~ dčng yidčng ~ dčng yixià shɨo<wɲi> dčng yixià dčng yíhuìr ~ yìhuӿr Mӽshàng jiu lái. Mӽshàng jiu huílai. Wԁ yìhuӿr jiu huílai. Wԁ hčn kuài jiu <huì> huílai! Mӽshàng jiu hӽo. wait wait a sec; just a minute wait for a bit wait awhile [I] ll be right there. [I] ll be right back. I ll be back shortly. I ll be back right away! [It] ll be done in a jiffy. 38

5 otes a) Yíhuìr ~ yìhuӿr (the latter pronunciation is more colloquial) awhile b) ShƗo<wƝi> slightly; for a bit ; (WƝiruӽn de wɲi); hotel telephone operators in China tend to say qӿng shɨo dčng when they transfer your call. c) Mӽshàng immediately; at once, literally on a horse ; synonymous with lìkè. d) Huì indicates a degree of probability. Usage Qӿng shɨowɲi dčng yixià, wǂ măshàng jiu huílai! Qӿng dɵng yixià, wǂ qù lóushàng wènwen tɨ. Ʊ zuò yìhuʊr ba. Qӿng dɵngdeng, wǂ qù bàngǀngshì zhӽo tɨ. Qӿng dɵng yìhuʊr, wǂ de yàoshi wàng zài bàngǀngshì le. Qӿng dɵng yixià, wǂ qù zhӽo tɨ. ӿ xiɨn hɲ diӽnr chá ba. Qӿng dɵngdeng, tɨ zài dӽ diànhuà ne. Hang on a minute, I ll be right back. Just a minute, I ll go upstairs and ask her. Make yourself comfortable. Just a minute, I ll go see if he s in the office. Hang on a minute, I left my keys in the office. Hold on a minute, I ll go find him. Have some tea first. Hold on for a minute please, he s on the phone. Qӿng shɨowɲi dɵng yixià, wǂ dči qù Hold on for a bit please, I have to go and mӽi yóupiào, măshàng jiù huílai. buy some stamps I ll be right back. Qӿng zuò yixià. Make yourself at home. otes a) Zuò yixià, literally sit a bit, but often used when someone has to step out for a while, hence the freer translation of make yourself at home Telephoning Speaking on the telephone involves a certain amount of conventional speech at the beginning and end of the conversation. Here are vocabulary and phrases related to telephones and telephoning: About telephoning dӽ diànhuà dӽ chángtú diànhuà dӽ guójì diànhuà zhuӽn fɲnjư to telephone; make a phone call to make a long distance call to make an international call to connect to an extension (turn; revolve) 39

6 diànhuàkӽ diànhuàtíng diànhuàfèi miӽnfèi Shì dìqǌ yòng de ma? Quánguó yòng de. Dӽdào nӽlӿ? Dӽ gči shéi? Yԁu shìr, qӿng dӽ ge diànhuà gči wԁ. Ʊ de diànhuà. Qӿng zhuӽn èrshíwǎ (fɲnjư). éng dă chángtú ma? éng zìjʊ dă ma? Zhӿ néng dӽdào shìnèi. éng dădào guówài ma? phone card phone kiosk phone charges free (avoid-fee) Is this for local calls? It s used throughout the country. Where are you phoning to? Who are you phoning? If you have a problem, feel free to phone me. It s for you. Please connect me to extension 25. Can you dial long distance? Can [we] dial [it] ourselves? You can only call in town. Can we call abroad? otes As in most parts of the world, a variety of discount telephone cards can be bought from news agents and other small shops in China. In China, these are usually sold below face value; a RMB 100 card might go for RMB 30. (Dӽ zhé ma? Do you allow a discount? ) Some are local (dìqǌ yòng de); others can be used throughout China (quánguó yòng de) or even internationally (guójì de). On the phone [phrases]: Wei. Hello. <ín> nči wèi? Who is it? (which person) Wei, nʊ shi Zhǀu Yԃ ma? Wǂ jiùshi. Hello, is that Zhou Yu? Speaking. [This is he.] QƱng zhăo Máo XiƗn Ɨn jiɲ diànhuà. Can I speak to Mao Xian an please? (Please find Mao Xian an to get the phone.) Wǂ gɵi nʊ qù zhăo tɨ. Yào liú ge huà gɵi tɨ ma? Ʊ yào liúyán ma? Wǂ shi Léi uò, qӿng liúyán. I ll go find her for you. (I for you go find her.) You want to leave a voice message for her? You want to leave a voice message? This is Lei uo, please leave a message. [Telephone answering machine] 40

Shànghӽi jǌmínlóu ( residential building ). [2006] 10.17.1 Leaving a message Lù JìngsƯ, a foreign scholar, is trying to reach Wáng XuéyƯng in his office. W. Wei? Hello? Lù. Wei, qʊng zho Wáng lăoshư jiɲ Hi, I'm trying to get Prof.

7 Shànghӽi jǌmínlóu ( residential building ). [2006] Leaving a message Lù JìngsƯ, a foreign scholar, is trying to reach Wáng XuéyƯng in his office. W. Wei? Hello? Lù. Wei, qʊng zho Wáng lăoshư jiɲ Hi, I'm trying to get Prof. Wang. diànhuà. W. O, tɨ xiànzài bú zài zhèr, kɵnéng Oh, he s not here right now, he may be zài lóu shàng. Qӿng dčng yixià, Wǂ be upstairs. Just a minute, I ll go and gɵi nʊ qù zhӽo tɨ. look for him for you. Lù. Hăo, máfan nʊ la! (le a >la) Okay, sorry for the trouble. W. TƗ yɵ bú zài lóu shàng. Yào bu He s not upstairs. You want to leave a yào liú ge huà? message? Lù. Hăo, xièxie. Wǂ shi Lù JìngsƯ. Okay, thanks. This is Lù JìngsƯ. Ask him to Qng tɨ huílai yʊhòu gɵi wǂ phone me when he gets home. I m at home. d ge diànhuà. Wǂ zài jiɨ lʊ. W. TƗ zhưdao nʊ de diànhuà hàomă ma? Does he know your phone #? Lù. Diànhuà hàomă shi [My] number s W. Hăo, wǂ huì gàosu tɨ. Fine, I ll tell him. 41

8 otes a) Wèi is an exclamation used to hail people at a distance, or confirm a telephone connection. Though its tone is marked as falling in dictionaries, its actual pitch varies with context. b) QƱng zhӽo [person] jiɲ diànhuà please get [ ] to come to the phone is in fact a request to speak to a person (~ may I speak to [ ] ) and reflects the fact that before cellphones, telephones were often outside of residences and people had to be hailed or fetched from some distance away Chinese etiquette ShČn FƝipéng, a teacher from Belgium, makes a phone call to his Chinese friend, Zhǀu Yԃ, to ask a question about Chinese etiquette. Zhǀu s wife (Tt) answers the phone. Tt. Wei? Hello? Sh. Tt. Wei, Zhǀu Y? [ ~ Wei, Zhǀu Y ma? ~ Wei, nʊ shi Zhǀu Y ma? ~ Wei, nʊ shì bu shi Zhǀu Y? ~ Wei, lăo Zhǀu zài ma? Qӿng dɵng yixià, wǂ qù zhӽo tɨ... Lăo Zhǀu, nʊ de diànhuà! Hello, Zhou Yu? ~ Hello, Zhou Yu? ~ Hello, is that Zhǀu Y? ~ Hello, is that Zhou Yu? ~ Hello, is Zhou there?] Just (wait) a minute please, I ll go and find him...zhou, it s for you! Zh. Hăo, xièxie. Wei, nín (shi) nči wèi Okay, thanks. Hello, who s that? Sh. Wǂ shi ShƟn FƝipéng. I m Shen Feipeng. Zh. O, FƝipéng, nʊ hăo. Shénme shìr? Oh, Feiping, how are you. What s up? Sh. Lăo Zhǀu, wǂ néng bù néng wèn nʊ yí ge Zhǀngguó fɲngsù xíguàn de wèntí? Zhou, can I ask you a question about Chinese customs? Zh. Wèn ba. Sure! Sh. Zh. Sh. Shi zhèi yàng: y u rén qng wǂ chưfàn, wǂ shì bu shi yưnggɨi sòng ge lʊwù gɵi tɨ? à yào kàn shi shénme qíngkuàng, shénme dìfang. Shi ge tóngshì, wǂmen xiɨngdɨng shú. TƗ qng wǂ dào tɨ jiɨ qù. It s like this: someone s invited me for a meal; should I bring them a present? ow that depends on the situation and the place. It s a colleague. We re close. He s invited me to his house. 42

9 Zh. Zhèi yàng, dài yí shù xiɨnhuɨ, huòzhɵ In that case, you can take a bunch yì xiɲ shuӿguԁ, jiù kɵyʊ le. Búbì huɨ of fresh flowers or some fruit. o hɵn duǀ qián. Biӽoshi ge yìsi. need to spend a lot of money. It s the thought. Sh. Hăo, shi chǌntiɨn, wǂ jiù mi yí shù Okay, it s spring, I ll buy a bunch huɨ ba. of flowers. Zh. HuƗ hɵn héshì! Flowers are fine! ( suitable ) Sh. HƟn gnxiè! Many thanks! ( very grateful ) Zh. Bié kèqi. You re welcome. Sh. Hăo, jiù zhèi yàngr. Zàijiàn. Okay, that s it then. Bye. otes a) otice that in conventional usage, Chinese generally makes use of the first and second person pronouns in expressions like ӿ shi shéi? and Wԁ shi ShČn FƝipéng, while English prefers it or this : Who is it? / This is ShČn FƝipéng. Similarly: Qӿng zhӽo Zhǀu Yԃ jiɲ diànhuà. /Wԁ jiùshi. May I speak to Zhou Yu? / This is he. ~ Speaking. b) The word huɨ has a number of senses, including flowers; blossoms (yí shù huɨ), design (huɨyàng design; pattern ); and to spend (huɨ qián), possibly following a semantic course from flower to ornament, from ornament to waste or dissipation, and from there to expense. Contrast huà change. c) Biӽoshi ge yìsi, literally to express a meaning, ie as a token [of friendship, affection, etc.] Gifts There are a number of conventional remarks associated with the giving and receiving of gifts. For larger gifts for example, the host might say: Tài pòfèi le! [You] spent too much [money], using the expression pòfèi squander money (break-expense). On presenting such a present, the guest might say, with modesty: Xiӽo yìsi. Just a token (small meaning). However, bringing some fruit or flowers as an expression of thanks (much as Americans and Europeans might bring a bottle of wine) usually elicits more perfunctory remarks along the following lines: i) GƟi nʊ dàilai yí shù huɨ! I ve brought you a bunch of flowers. ZhƝn piàoliang. Ʊ tài kèqi le. How pretty! You shouldn t have. ii) Dàilai yìdiănr shuӿguԁ, dàjiɨ yìqʊ I ve brought some fruit for everyone. chư. Ʊ tài kèqi le. You shouldn t have. 43

Suzhou: town s edge. 10.19 Highlights shɲngbìng TƗ gănmào le, yɵ ké+de hɵn lìhai. ChƯ yào le ma? indefinites Shénme dǀu bú pà! Xiӽng chư duǀshao jiu chư duǀshao!

10 Suzhou: town s edge Highlights shɲngbìng TƗ gănmào le, yɵ ké+de hɵn lìhai. ChƯ yào le ma? indefinites Shénme dǀu bú pà! Xiӽng chư duǀshao jiu chư duǀshao! reduplication Ʊ cháng yi cháng ba; Xiǌxi xiǌxi ba. wèntí jӿ ge jiɨtíng de wèntí; jӿ ge àihào de wèntí kԁuyưn dài yìdiănr nánfɨng de kԁuyưn chúle yӿwài Chúle xưngqưsì yӿwài, mɵitiɨn dǀu yԁu kè. yuèlái yuè Dà chéngshì yuèlái yuè wɲixiăn. Pá+de yuè gɨo, shuɨi+de yuè cӽn. búbì Búbì huànchɲ. xìnjiào Ʊ xìn shénme jiào? / Wǂ shi xìn Huíjiào de. V-xiàlai Qӿng bӽ tɨ xičxiàlai. V-chǌlai Ʊ cɨidechǌ<lai> wǂ shi shéi ma? bɨn Wǂmen bčnyuè chǌ cái bɨnjìnlai de. ( not until the beginning of the month ) V-chéng Qӿng bɨng wǂ bӽ nèi jӿ ge jùzi fɨnyìchéng YƯngwén. bèi, etc. TƗ bèi jʊngchá zhuɨzԁu le. Wǂ de zìxíngchɲ jiào rén gɵi tǀu le. qíngkuàng JƯngji bú cuò, kɵshi rénquán yԁu yìdiănr wèntí. ~ qíngxing. chǀuyɨn ChǀuyƗn de bʊjiào róngyì dé áizhèng. ~ xưyɨn. Lái yì kɲ yɨn ba. kɨichɲ shɲnfen SV-xx tǀngxùn dčng mӽshàng Wǂ juéde kɨichɲ bìng bù róngyì. Zhǀngguó rén tèbié zhùyì shɲnfen. hóngtǀngtǀng de tàiyang; rèténgténg de jiăozi Wăngluò yɵ yԁu rén jiào yưntèwăng ; shԁujư ne, yč yԁu rén. Zhǀngguó zuì liúxíng de wăngzhàn zhưyư Qӿng shɨowɲi dčng yixià. Mӽshàng jiu huílai. 44

11 dӽ diànhuà mӽi lӿwù Wei, nʊ shi Zhǀu Yԃ ma? / Wǂ jiùshi. Wǂ shi ZhƗng YƯng, qӿng liúyán. Búbì huɨ hɵn duǀ qián; biӽoshi ge yìsi. Dàilai yìdiănr shuӿguԁ, dàjiɨ yìqʊ chư! Exercise 9. Distinguish the following words by citing them in short phrases: fɨshɨo fɨsheng huɨshɲng măshàng fákuӽn fɨdá qiӽo jiào xiăo qiáo hɵn chӽo jiɨo bìyè bìxǌ bʊjiào búbì jԃxíng liúxíng xíguàn xʊhuan xưguɨ xiǌxi xuéxí xưwàng kăolԋ kăoshì jʊngchá wɲixiăn yóuxíng kԁuyưn Rhymes and Rhythms Sailing the Seas, another paean to Mao that is still popular in modern China, where Mao occupies cultural space between demagogue and demigod. ቲణ ၄ࡍ Dàhӽi hángxíng kào duòshԁu Sailing the seas depends on the helmsman ቲణ ၄ࡍ Dàhӽi hángxíng kào duòshԁu, seas navigate depend+on helmsman ᅺᇕညޠణვዴ wànwù shɲngzhӽng kào tàiyang, all-things growth depend-on sun Ꭶഴᔀ ਗ਼සᓧ yԃ lù zìrùn hémiáo zhuàng, rain dew moisten seedlings strong ሯඇᐍ ছ ణ gàn gémìng kào de shì Máo Zédǀng sưxiӽng. do revolution depend-on DE is MZD Thought. Sailing the seas depends on the helmsman, all things depend on the sun for growth; water and dew moisten the seedlings and make them strong; people who engage in revolution depend on MZD Thought. 45

12 Refrain ಭݙఎၺኽ Yú líbukɨi shuӿ ya, fish separate-not-away [from] water ya एಭݙఎይ guɨr líbukɨi yɨng, melons separate-not-away [from] stalk!ޘఎ ݙ ཬᒰಭ gémìng qúnzhòng líbukɨi Gòngchӽndӽng, revolution masses separate-not-away [from] CCP ვዴă ݙ ሯ ඇᐍ Máo Zédǀng sưxiӽng shì bú luò de tàiyáng. Mao Zedong Thought is not fall DE sun. Fish can t be separated from water, melons can t be separated from the stalk, revolutionary masses can t be separated from the CCP, MZD Thought is a never setting sun. Shànghӽi: The Jìng'Ɨn Sì ( Calm-peace Temple ), with Yáo Míng advertising Reeboks. 46

13 Appendix: Body parts Core body parts, as opposed to figurative extensions (eg He s the brains of the operation ) might seem to be well-demarcated notions that would translate easily from language to language; but in fact, though their core meanings correspond fairly well, their connotations may be quite different. This is particularly true of the internal organs, where in Chinese, for example, xưngɨnr, heart and liver is a term of affection (fùmԃ de xưngɨn bӽobèi parents darling treasure ); where (at least in some regions) xưncháng heart and intestine is, roughly, in the mood for (méiyou xưncháng qù kàn diànyӿngr); and where fèifԃ lungs and bowels means from the bottom of one s heart (fèifԃ zhư yán words from the bottom of one s heart ). The following list is not exhaustive. You may want to add to it, with specialized words such as temple, forehead or calf. In addition, you should check regional and local variation (pronunciation as well as root), and observe usage and metaphorical extensions. head hair brain ears eyes nose tóu tóufa nӽozi Črduo yӽnjing bízi mouth teeth eyebrow cheek chin tongue zuӿ yáchӿ méimao jiá xiàba shétou throat neck body shoulders back chest hóulong bózi shɲntӿ jiɨnbӽng bèi xiǀng skin arm hand finger thumb waist pífu gɲbei shԁu shԁuzhӿ dàmԃzhӿ yɨo heart liver lungs stomach spleen kidneys xưn gɨn fèi wèi pí shèn bladder gall abdomen navel intestine blood pángguɨng dӽnnáng dùzi dùqí cháng xič (~xuè) breasts penis vagina testicle uterus anus milk-house yin-stem yin-way testicle-pellet child-temple lg int.-door rúfáng yưnjưng yưndào gɨowán zӿgǀng gɨngmén buttocks thighs knee leg foot bones pìgu dàtuӿ xưgai tuӿ jiӽo gútou (~ gԃtou) 47

Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin

Learning Chinese: A Foundation Course in Mandarin 9.10 Stand a little closer Not all verb combinations are of the same type. One fairly productive pattern combines an action verb with a SV formed in the comparative with yìdiănr: Shuǀ kuài yìdiănr. Zhàn